Dandruff is a chronic scalp condition characterized by itching and flaky skin. While sometimes embarrassing, dandruff is not contagious and is rarely serious. There are several different types of dandruff, all with different causes. The type and cause also determines treatment.
Dry Dandruff
Just like the skin on the rest of our bodies, the scalp can dry out. During cold months, when the air is dry and rooms are overheated, the scalp may flake and itch. Using products that dry the scalp can also contribute to dandruff. Washing your hair with a clarifying shampoo and moisturizing with a good conditioner will often tame this type of dandruff.
Oily Dandruff - Seborrheic Dermatitis
The scalp has oil glands designed to keep the scalp and hair moist. Sometimes these glands over-produce or the oil gets trapped and irritates the scalp. Oil dandruff tends to produce large flakes and scales and areas of inflammation on the scalp. Frequent brushing, to get the oil to the ends of the hair, and regular washing with an OTC medicated shampoo can clear up oily dandruff. If you have severe problems with oil production, you may need to consult your doctor for a prescription shampoo. There is also a type of yeast that creates dandruff similar to Oily dandruff. If your dandruff is not responding to OTC treatments, you may need an anti-fungal shampoo. Oily fungal dandruff may also respond well to tea tree oil.
Skin Conditions
Psoriasis and eczema are both skin conditions that cause red, flaky skin. It is possible for both conditions to affect the scalp, causing dandruff. Psoriasis and Eczema are both treated with topical and oral medications. If you have either of these conditions, consult your doctor for treatment. Psoriasis may also respond to a medicated tar or salicylic acid-based shampoo.